DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY / RELATIVE DENSITY / API GRAVITY
Insolubles can be defined as solid material which can be separated from the oil centrifugation or filtration when a solvent (either pentane, toluene, benzene or heptanes) is added.
In regular use lube oil gradually accumulates minor amounts of dust particles and foreign materials, which remain suspended in the oil and may result in lower lubrication and gradual wear. In engines and systems which run on combustion, particles such as dust, dust, silicates, wear metals, organic oxides, soot mix themselves in the oil. The total quantity of all these insolubles will determine the condition of the oil.
- Pentane insolubles are the organic oxides and resinous bitumen produced from oxidation of the fuel or oil formed due to additive degradation.
- Toluene insoluble are the soot, dust particles, silica, silicates and wear metals in the oil.
- Benzene insolubles consists of all pentane insolubles except resinous oxidation products.
- Heptane insolubles are mainly the asphaltenes produced in the lubricating oil or fuel.
ATLAS LAB uses the following methods for testing of insolubles which are listed as under :
|
METHOD |
SOLVENT |
DESCRIPTION |
|
ASTM D893 |
Pentane and Toluene |
Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils, determination of pentane and toluene insolubles |
|
ASTM D4055 |
Pentane |
Standard Test Method for Pentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration for particles exceeding 0.8 μm in new and used lubricating oils |
|
ISO 3735 |
Toluene |
Crude petroleum and fuel oils — Determination of sediment — Extraction method |
|
IS 1448 : Part 30 |
Toluene |
Methods of test for petroleum and its products, Sediment in crude and fuel oils by extraction |
|
ASTM D2317 |
Benzene |
Method of Test for Benzene Insoluble (BI) |
|
ASTM D6560 |
Heptane |
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
|
IP 143 |
Heptane |
Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
|
IP 316 |
Heptane |
Determination of Heptane Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils |
|
ASTM D3279 |
Heptane |
Standard Test Method for n-Heptane Insolubles |
|
IS 1448 : Part 22 |
Heptane |
Methods of test for petroleum and its products, determination of asphaltenes (Heptane insolubles) in crude petroleum and petroleum products |
Laboratory apparatus used for testing various insolubles by ATLAS LAB is as under:
